9mm Fn Pistol - The Browning Hi-Power is a semi-automatic single-action pistol in 9 millimeter caliber. It is one of the most popular guns ever made.
Originally the weapon was called Browning Grand Puissance or Browning GP or, in English, Browning High Power or Browning HP. Since World War II it has been commonly referred to as the Browning Hi-Power.
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It was also called P-35, HP-35 (due to its introduction in 1935), GP (from the French name "Grande Puissance") and BAP (Browning Automatic Pistol).
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On May 9, 1921, the French Army published a request for a large and powerful semi-automatic pistol, with a caliber of about 9 mm, a barrel about 20 cm long and a magazine capacity of at least 15 laps. The weapon cannot weigh more than one kilogram and must be equipped with an adjustable sight with graduations, for a maximum range of 600 meters. The weapon must also be equipped with a starter stock.
John Browning, the chief designer of the FN at the time, initially disagreed with the French request because he felt that standard cartridge holders holding seven or eight cartridges would be sufficient.
Dieudonné Saive, then Browning's assistant at the FN, then developed a cartridge holder with a double row of cartridges that allowed more cartridges to fit. He tested his design on a modified FN Browning 1903. After seeing the cartridge holders, Browning designed two 9mm pistols based on his Model 1911; one with valve interlock ('locked breech') and one without ('simple blowback'),
And the same with Saive's double-column cartridge holder for 16 cartridges. Browning and Colt's Patent Fire Arms Manufacturing Co. applied for a US patent on June 28, 1923 for the valve locking version. The patent was granted on February 22, 1927,
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Four months after John Browning died of a heart attack in the office of his son Val Browning, who he represented in the FN. Colt was fully committed to producing its successful Model 1911, so Val Browning offered the design of the new 9mm to FN. FN markets the design, slightly modified, as the FN Browning Grand Rendement (GR).
After the Model 1911 patents expired, Saive updated the GR to the FN Browning Model 1928.
Among other things, he improved the safety mechanism and shortened the handle. As a result, the cartridge holder became shorter and 13 more cartridges fit into it. After years of testing, the French finally chose the French 7.65 mm SACM 1935a pistol, which showed many similarities to the Browning models.
In 1933 the Belgian Ministry of National Defense ordered 1000 pistols of the final version of the Browning and Saive design for trials (troops).
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In 1935 FN marketed the weapon under the French name Browning Grand Puissance or Browning GP and the English name Browning High Power (now often written as Browning Hi-Power) or Browning HP.
FN offers two versions: a version with an adjustable ladder sight and a slot behind the handle for the stock fob, and a version with fixed sights, which does not have a slot.
The new weapon quickly sold well and eventually became one of the most widely distributed pistols ever.
The Hi-Power was the only gun produced during the Second World War and was produced organically by both the Allies and the Axis Powers.
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During the war years, the Germans had the FN factories produce the Browning Hi-Power for the Wehrmacht, with the weapon being supplied mainly to the Waffen-SS and Fallschirmjäger.
A pistol made for the Germans The Germans called the weapon the Pistole 640(b) where the (b) stood for 'Belgian'.
The first weapons were made from parts that were still in stock, but then the Germans simplified the weapon. For example, they eliminated the buttstock slot and only made weapons with fixed sights.
Saive, who had been the chief designer of the FN ("Chef de Service") since 1930, escaped with four other FN employees (director Gustave Joassart
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J. Vogels and E. Dufrasne) from occupied Belgium, and arrived in Great Britain in 1941 via France, Spain and Portugal. From London they represented the interests of the FN during the Second World War.
Saive continued the design of his new rifle at the Royal Small Arms Factory, Enfield Design Department at Dill Hall in Cheshunt, England, where 50 prototypes were produced in 7.92×57mm in 1943 ("EXP -1" or "SLEM-1" ("Self-Loading Experimental Model-1"). After the war, the FN Model 1949 was developed from it. In addition, using several earlier FN guns the war made by the British, Saive created new High Energy production drawings by reverse engineering them to be made for the Allies (the original remains drawings in occupied Belgium).
A Chinese Nationalist delegation visited to deliver Bren machine guns and other supplies to the Chinese Nationalist troops. They also asked for Browning High-Power pistols, some of which they had bought in Belgium before the war, but which England could not supply at the time.
In April 1943, the Mutual Aid Board of Canada authorized a Canadian war loan of $100 million to Nationalist China to purchase arms in Canada for use in their fight against the Japanese. The Chinese wanted to buy, among other things, 180,000 Browning High Powers from the British. These weapons must be provided with detachable wooden "butt holsters".
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, as the Mauser C96, widely used in China, also has. Inglis obtained a license from the FN board in exile to manufacture weapons.
A team from FN consisting of Saive, Laloux, Vogels and Dufrasne came to Toronto and helped Inglis to start design and production.
Once the British SOE heard that a Commonwealth company was going to make the Browning High-Powers, they wanted the weapon too, to replace their Webley Mk IV and the Enfield No. 2 revolvers. The British ordered 50,000 Hi-Powers with fixed targeting devices from England.
The British delivered China's first weapons in February 1944, but transportation was difficult in Nationalist China. In addition, support for Nationalist China ceased as it became apparent that the Chinese were not fighting the Japanese, but each other. The Chinese contract was canceled by England after about 20,000 guns were produced.
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Of these, only 4,000 were delivered to Nationalist China. It is estimated that 14,500 firearms were stored in depots in Karachi. Of these, approximately 6,000 went to SOE. The rest was taken by the Canadian Army. In late 1944, the Hi-Power became the standard pistol of the Canadian Army, leading the British to eventually adopt the weapon as a standard pistol as well.
At the end of 1945, Nationalist China again ordered the BHPs from England. About 40,000 guns were delivered before it became clear that the communists had won the civil war and deliveries to Nationalist China stopped.
The English made version with a ladder sight and slot for the butt stock is called the Chinese Hi-Power or no. 1, called Hi-Power. The ladder sight is calibrated to 500 meters.
The English version with fixed scenes is no. 2 Mk1 Hi-Power, which differs from the original FN in several ways. For example, it is fitted with a square 'Inglis' visor notch on an elevation behind the slide.
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In 1944 a slight change was made to the ejector and trigger of the No. 2 Mk1. The modified No. 2 Mk1 was designated no. 2 Mk1*.
The 'Canadian' guns also found their way to Allied troops in Europe, where they were first used during Operation Varsity, an airborne operation in 1944 aimed at crossing the Rhine and taking control of the important Ruhr area.
Inglis produced the Hi-Power from February 1944 to September 1945 in a total of about 151,000 guns, of which about 50,000 were no. 1.
In Canada, the name "Hi Power" was used for the weapon. This name was retained after the war, although production again took place in Belgium.
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The Browning Hi-Power is a single-action pistol chambered for thirteen rounds, intended for close-quarters self-defense. The effective shooting distance is 50 meters.
The double-column cartridge holder developed by Saive was wider than usual at the time, so that more ('staggered' or 'double-stack') cartridges could be used. The double column cartridge holder became the standard type for handguns.
The Hi-Power is easily disassembled for user maintenance without tools into the main groups: case, slide grip, slide, barrel, spring, spring rod and cartridge holder.
The weapon is equipped with an automatic slide stop as used for the first time in the FN Browning M1902: the slide catch, when the last cartridge is fired, holds the slide in the rear, open position.
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Initially, FN offered two models: one with an adjustable ladder sight ('tangent type rear sight') and one with a fixed sight notch.
The adjustable ladder sight was calibrated to 1000m on the first guns with full-sight graduation. Later, the sight was calibrated to 500m, where the scale was placed in the middle of the sight.
After the first ± 40,000 pieces, the ladder view was slightly modified in 1938/39, and the scale was divided to 500m along the entire length of the view.
The fixed sight guns have a small crescent-shaped front sight that is silver-soldered on the slide, and a square notch at the rear on the slide. In later copies, the retainer can be replaced with a tail cam.
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The fixed keep can be replaced with an adjustable "coke can" keep.sight. The elevation has a single screw with winage set by loosening and tightening the opposite screws at each end of the sight. For this purpose, a new and adjustable visor notch was introduced in the early 1970s
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